With octave, I found the scaling of elements on the graph to be different sizes and that bugged me. To install Octave, run the following from the terminal: sudo port install octave-devel +gcc45Īnd then wait.as there are a lot of things that need being compiled. AquaTerm is a Cocoa application that can display vector graphics in an. I added the gcc45 variant because one of the dependencies, atlas, needs gcc45 to compile. assuming that you have installed both XFree86 and AquaTerm, you can build gnuplot. To get a full list, run: port variants octave-devel This ensures that both of those are in sync.įeel free to add other variants if you like, like X11 support or offline documentation. When you install Octave via MacPorts, AquaTerm also gets installed. AquaTerm is basically a vector renderer which Octave can use to plot its graphs. I like AquaTerm because the graphs look really smooth and nice, like you would expect on a Mac :) Double-click to mount the downloaded disk image. Inside the mounted disk image, double click on the AquaTerm.pkg file to install AquaTerm. Agree to the license and follow the prompts to install AquaTerm in your 'Applications' folder. To install at default locations: 1) Drag AquaTerm.app to /Applications 2) Drag amework to /Library/Frameworks 3) If you wantsome backwards compatibility, symlinks could be placed from /usr/local/lib/libaquaterm. If you have installed the X11 variant, you can also choose to do the rendering from within X11. The way you control this is through the environment variable, GNUTERM. Set GNUTERM to x11 when you want to do your graphing in X11 and set GNUTERM to aqua when you want to do your graphing in AquaTerm. You can read more about setting environment variables on StackOverflow. If you are running Octave and wish to change the GNUTERM there, you can do so with the setenv function, like so.
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In February, NYC & Company, the city’s tourism organization, will feature all three Chinatowns as part of its series, Neighborhood x Neighborhood, at /nxn. Brave the line of diners waiting for soup dumplings at Joe’s Shanghai, 9 Pell St., just off Mott, or join the weekend crowds chowing down on dim sum at places like Dim Sum Go Go, 5 E. Walk down Mott Street from Canal past dozens of souvenir shops and restaurants. 19, there will be a firecracker ceremony and cultural festival starting at 11 a.m.īut a walk in Chinatown is fun and evocative any time of year. at Canal and Mott streets, heading to Chatham Square, then down East Broadway, Eldridge and Grand Streets to Sara D. Its massive, colorful Lunar New Year parade and festival take place Feb. This is the city’s oldest and best-known Chinese neighborhood. 21, expected to take place around 11 a.m. at Flushing Town Hall, 137-35 Northern Blvd., while a parade with a lion dance will run from Union Street to Main Street and 39th Avenue, Feb. Xi’an is known for unique noodle dishes and now has 10 locations around the city.Ī Lunar New Year Bazaar takes place Feb. The Golden Mall is home to the flagship location for Xi’an Famous Foods, in the basement of 41-28 Main St. You’ll find everything from Sheraton and Best Western hotels to malls filled with Asian food stalls and shops. Take the 7 train to the last stop in Queens, Main Street, into the heart of a busy neighborhood that’s a shopping and dining paradise. It runs from 11 a.m.-2:30 p.m., and includes include martial arts and lion dance performances, games and vendors. 310, at 6214 Fourth Ave., in Brooklyn, is hosting a day of free festivities in honor of the new year. Another foodie fave is Yun Nan Flavour Garden, 5121 Eighth Ave., known for rice noodles and other specialties of China’s Yunnan province. Others swear by Lucky Eight, 5204 Eighth Ave., a Chinese restaurant that’s even recommended by the Michelin guide. in Brooklyn, as home to the best banh mi in the city: Vietnamese sandwiches on crispy baguettes, loaded with ingredients like crunchy pickled vegetables, savory meatballs and fragrant cilantro. Some aficionados have anointed Ba Xuyen, 4222 Eighth Ave. The neighborhood is served by several subway stops. Latino eateries and businesses are centered along Brooklyn’s Fifth Avenue, while Eighth Avenue is home to many Asian restaurants, markets and shops, roughly between 40th and 60th streets. There’s an Asian enclave here - predominantly Chinese, with a concentration of Fujianese and Cantonese residents - as well as a large Spanish-speaking population. Sunset Park is one of the city’s fastest-growing immigrant neighborhoods. Here are some details on the three Chinatowns. 19 but several parades and other festivities are planned for the weekend of Feb. But visitors willing to explore the city’s outer boroughs might consider a subway ride to neighborhoods in Sunset Park, Brooklyn, or Flushing, Queens, which are also home to large Asian populations and bustling commercial strips dotted with restaurants and shops.Īll three neighborhoods also host events connected to Lunar New Year. And while there are plenty of food court stands classic sit-down restaurants to choose from, these are our favorite Taiwanese places in Flushing.NEW YORK – Chinatown has long been a popular destination for tourists in Lower Manhattan. A new crop of Taiwanese restaurants have sprouted up the past few years around New York, and Flushing has become home to a cluster of spots that each have their own distinct personalities or specialties. Lately, however, there has been a renaissance. Occasionally, dishes like three cup chicken or gua bao would appear on a menu, with no label to distinguish it as Taiwanese, as the cuisine was still relatively unknown to a wider New York audience. Since the 1970s, Taiwanese immigrants in New York have been involved in the restaurant world, but mainly operating or cooking at restaurants that identified as Hunan, Sichuan, or another cuisine from China. Many consider Taiwanese beef noodle soup-with beef braised so long it almost melts into the broth-to be the national dish, but it’s just the tip of the iceberg.įor many years, restaurants that identified as Taiwanese were nonexistent in New York, save for a few longtime stalwarts. Taiwanese food draws mainly from southern China, especially Fujianese cuisine, but has influences from all over China and Japan, as well as from indigenous cultures on the island. This situation highlighted the hostel does not provide security, because nobody could do anything about it. Also, his guests were drunk, irritating and even dangerous because there was a fight. That's how we had to put up with the loud music in the middle of dinner, to see this man dancing disgustingly on top of the girls like a dog in heat. This man wanted to party with his friends without caring about anything around him. We had to endure in the middle of dinner very uncomfortable situations caused by one of the owners who was very drunk. The enormous problem of this hostel is the arrogance and irresponsibility of its owners who clearly care very little about you as a customer. The food is good and the prices are fair. Which is not bad for those who seek to travel in a certain comfort zone. Whoever wants to know Colombia, in this place surely will not, because it has nothing Colombian, except some workers with whom you never have contact, otherwise, neither the food, nor is style, nor the party offers the feeling of this country. It has a perfect party atmosphere for those who are looking for it. It is a hostel with very well designed details, such as the common areas, the style of the cabins, the bathrooms and the decoration and the Chillout atmosphere. I had the opportunity to stay two nights in this hostel with my partner and foreign friends. Hotels near Valencia Brook's Waterfalls. Santa Marta Hotels with Air Conditioning. It’s a pretty common tool that you can find on CAD software. This tool will help you to give volume to your 2D model based on a specific algorithm (most common is converting your image in levels of grey and calculates the height based on the intensity of grey). The extrude tool will help you to create a third axis to create new geometry from a selected component. Maybe it will be possible to print a perfect CAD model thanks to only one picture in the future of 3D printing, but it’s not possible yet.īut still, if you only have this option you can create an interesting 3D printed object with the additive manufacturing technology that we know today.įrom one 2D image to 3D model: The best toolsĪ picture is a 2D file, meaning that you will only be able to play with two axes to use it in your 3D model. To obtain the desired shape with a printing process, it is better to have a lot of pictures to get a detailed model and an impressive result. For example, you cannot expect to create a perfect 360° file of your pet or your home based on one picture. We split the solutions on the number of images that you have already taken to generate your 3D file.ĭid you know that you can create a 3D model even with a single picture?ĭon’t get too excited – creating a 3D model from photos is possible, but you should keep in mind that the possibilities and the details allowed would be more limited. You can create any avatar or model that you want with the 3D printing technology, you can also create a CAD model with images from video games. You’ll see that 3D printers can give life to your best images. You don’t need to be a professional 3D artist or 3D designer, but with an ounce of 3D skill and enough time, everyone can achieve a good 3D character or object and print it. How can you turn one picture into a 3D model?įirst, the results of your model depend on the number and quality of the photos you take the more photos and the higher the resolution the more detailed your 3D model will be. Don’t be scared, if you really don’t know how to use 3D modeling software, you can get a little help from a designer to get a 3D printable file. Based on our experience, we will give you some practical advice to create the most efficient shooting.įrom the shooting to the final choice of the 3D printing materials, you can do the whole process on your own. That’s why there is no one-fit-for-all solution. With any of these solutions, you have to keep in mind that results are highly dependent on the source footage. In this article, you will find an overview of different solutions to answer your question “how can I convert my picture into a 3D model ?”. Do you know that it could also give life to your picture? Yes, you read it right, if you have a picture of it then you can turn it into a 3D model and 3D print it! From 1 to 100 hundred pictures, several effective solutions are available to help you convert photos into a 3D model. 3D printing gives life to all your best projects. Here, it is worth noting the creation of the #BBVAatHome website, an initiative that was originally designed to be the global meeting point for employees. An employee communication and engagement plan was implemented.Ensure the operation and service level of the call centers across the Group.Provide the Group with the necessary technological infrastructure to ensure that the majority of BBVA's employees can work from home, and reinforce customer transactions through digital channels.Three specific lines of action were established: In April, once most of the employees were working remotely, the war room trained its efforts on ensuring the bank's operational continuity and customer service. In this regard, branches were equipped with hand sanitizer dispensers, protective screens, and disinfection kits to help employees protect themselves. The bank established the necessary health guidelines and individual preventive measures. A remarkable feat of foresight, taking action even before health and labor authorities started issuing their recommendations. In just a few days, more than 90 percent of the employees in the central services and 60 percent of the employees in the branch network across the group were working from home. In the second half of March, the war room's efforts were initially aimed at coordinating the implementation of remote work and ensuring that the necessary resources were available. To meet these objectives, the measures adopted by the war room have evolved as the situation triggered by the pandemic unfolded. The priority: to protect the health of employees and customers and ensure operational continuity This continuous coordination with the different countries - as well as reporting to the Group's management and governing bodies, along with the Board of Directors and its delegated bodies - has facilitated the bank's ability to quickly adopt the measures required at any given moment. Since the beginning of the pandemic, weekly videoconferences have been held with 14 countries, progress has been shared, and the measures to be adopted and best practices have been coordinated. They have remained in continuous contact through videoconferences and multiple daily conversations, working according to the Agile methodology.Ĭoordination with the countries has also been very intense. Under normal conditions, the members of the war room would have been sitting in the same room, but because of the safety measures implemented by the bank, each of its members has managed and coordinated the crisis from their homes. Over the last two months, the war room has played a pivotal role in the operational management of the crisis, led by an empowered team, with a global vision of what is happening, and with the capacity to make timely and agile decisions. In this context, BBVA has anticipated events in all the markets in which it operates to meet two primary objectives: protect the health of all BBVA's employees and customers, and ensure business continuity and customer service. Since the beginning of the pandemic, the measures that were initially seen as excessive have sometimes proved to be insufficient. If there is one thing that the COVID-19 health crisis has shown us, it is that anticipation is key. Easily reduce background luminosity and star luminosity with additional macros that utilise these live masks so you can adjust them non-destructively. Add live, non-destructive star and background masks.Colour range luminosity enhancement to bring out specific detail.Reduce excessive star detail to promote focus on other deep sky objects.A selection of masked tonal macros for finer control over contrast and brightness enhancement.Add diffuse glow and brilliance to highlight detail.Monochrome colour mapping for single grayscale data layers.RGB, LRGB, SHO, HOS, HOO, HaOIII, RGB-HSO, HORGB, HORGB-L. A variety of composition setups for different data set combinations, e.g.Multi-Bandpass Sharpening (an implementation of the popular Absolute Point of Focus sharpening method), which enhances perceptual detail and sharpness in a very pleasing way.Perform automated normalisation tone stretching, logarithmic tone stretching, olour preserving tone stretch (similar to Arcsinh) and mono data tone stretching.The download bundle does however include a ZIP called "Legacy V1 Macros" which contains V13 of the macros that can be installed with Photo V1 (1.10). Please note: V14 and future versions will only be compatible with Affinity Photo V2 and above, as they take advantage of functionality not present in V1. These macros work equally well for both OSC (one shot colour) and monochrome data setups. Workflow aids for astrophotography editing with over 100 macros including functions such as star size reduction, various tone stretching methods, multi-bandpass sharpening, diffuse glow, mono data colour mapping and more. Added Enhance Depth & Contrast, to enhance perceptual depth and local contrast non-destructively.JR Astrophotography Macros v15 (32-bit & 16-bit).Provides a stronger effect than Fine Bandpass Sharpening. Added Repetitive Bandpass Sharpening, for stronger detail enhancement that can be controlled with one Radius value (all bandpass layers are linked).Added Fine Bandpass Sharpening, for very subtle fine detail enhancement.Updated Multi-Bandpass Sharpening macros to use linked reference layers, significantly reducing file size bloat.Edge Contrast: uses V2's new live band-pass mask to enhance contrast in very fine edge detail, increasing perceptual sharpness.Structural Contrast: creates a mask based on image structure and enhances contrast in areas with more structural definition.Completely revised bandpass sharpening options: they are now more non-destructive (no merging of pixel layers), with several different ‘strength’ options that are more logical (categorised by the width of sharpening, e.g.The download bundle does however include a ZIP called "Legacy V1 Macros" which contains V2 of the macros that can be installed with Photo V1 (1.10). Please note: V3 and future versions will only be compatible with Affinity Photo V2 and above, as they take advantage of functionality not present in V1. I would recommend using these macros as a final step before exporting your images.Įxperimentation is encouraged-there is no one solution for sharpening that fits all imagery, which is why I am keen to provide several different options. These implementations include Multi-Bandpass Sharpening, Local Contrast Enhancement, Gaussian Kernel mask sharpening, Bilateral mask sharpening and more.Īll implementations are designed to be as non-destructive as possible, taking advantage of Affinity Photo’s live filter functionality. This macro pack contains implementations of several different sharpening methods, all of which can provide extra flexibility over the standard methods of sharpening available in Affinity Photo (Unsharp Mask, High Pass, Clarity). A corner that’s only slightly greater than 90 degrees usually means you can put the back of the corner cabinet up against one wall-often the longer wall-and make up for the out-of-square condition at the back of the countertop on the short run of cabinets. If the corners are out of square, or if either of the end walls aren't plumb, you will need to adjust the location of the base cabinets. You will also use fillers or scribe at base and wall end cabinets to make up for irregularities and any slight out-of-plumb condition. You will use filler strips to make up for any spacing adjustments, and these will be noted in your design layout. If there is a sink cabinet that must center on a window, lay that out first otherwise, start at the corners and work outward. And do not stack and lean all these pieces on top of each other, or you’ll for sure be using that touch-up marker and wax fill stick you bought to fix them. Remember the cabinet coding I mentioned earlier to know which cabinet is which? now your blue tape comes in handy, put a small piece on the inside of the door or drawer, and mark the cabinet which it belongs. Most doors and drawers must be removed anyway to attach one cabinet to the other. For one, this will reduce the weight considerably, and for two, you won’t bang them up when you are installing them. One thing for sure is that you should always remove the doors and drawers from all your cabinets. Whichever you install first matters on the layout of the kitchen and the cabinets, the uncommon situations at hand and your preference. The Chicken or the egg? Uppers or lower? As a long-time debate by installers and there is no right or wrong answer. This way, it is one less thing you must worry about, and you won’t be double-checking a piece of paper constantly. For base-1 base-2 or wall-1 wall-2 and so on, then each cabinet when you get them, put a piece of blue tape on the back of each and mark the same mark and on the kitchen walls also. One trick is to mark the cabinets on the drawing b-1, b-2, w-1, w-2, etc. It doesn’t have to be detailed but just hand-drawn marks, so you know what’s going where according to your drawing, and you’ll notice if a cabinet doesn’t belong. Now label the location of all the cabinets and appliances on the wall. This way, you just put the bottom back of the cabinet on top of it, and at least you know the cabinet is level on the bottom, and even though it can fall forward, it's not slipping and sliding all over the wall. Don’t worry about holes in the wall as these you can fill before you put the backsplash up. Screws through the rail into the wall studs. Attach it by driving three or four 2 in. Use a cleat and save your back! Installing kitchen cabinets is usually a two-person project and depending on how confident you are hanging your upper cabinets or how much experience you or your helper have, you may want to screw in a temporary a 1x3 or 1x2 piece of wood as a support rail into the wall, aligning the top edge of the rail with the line for the bottom edge of the wall cabinets. The highest mark will be your high spot, make marks all around the room where the new laser line is and draw a straight line with your 6-foot level or snap a chalk line on the drywall around the room to mark the top of the base cabinets, and this is now the mark of the top back of the cabinets. If it does mark the wall at that point and raise the laser line to that mark and keep going until you go everywhere, the cabinets will be. Then I slide it along the floor against the wall and look to see if the laser drops below the line. I take a piece of scrap wood or a broom handle, put a piece of blue tape on it, and mark up 34 ½" With a black sharpie. Then measure up a mark 34 ½" Up from the floor and set the laser on that line. You will set up your laser level in the middle of the room. I am talking about one that shoots a line 360 degrees around the room. When I say laser level, I’m not talking about a straight line that comes out of a level. So, with that said the first step in laying out the cabinets is to find the high spots this is where the importance of a laser level comes into play. I know White Zombie recorded Make Them Die Slowly with you and Bill Laswell. But there is also some stuff I did that you might say was very positive… the early hip-hop stuff was like, let’s party. So in some ways part of what worked for me was channeling some of that stuff. I didn’t run into any dead people but people did run into dead people, or someone who had been assaulted severely. There would be a lot of violence, visible violence. And the art imitates the life that you see around you. Like Swans ended up being, where you’re chasing out the demons from inside. So it’s funny, that’s where I sort of discovered during this era – and I guess it’s the stuff that for me, personally, resonates a bit more – was the cathartic stuff. And I also did dance music and the hip-hop was kind of upbeat. There’d be weird dance music with a weird guitar solo. What seems to resonate with people when they think of what I’ve done, is the gnarly aspect of no wave. What do you think made people want to record with you at BC? Like, what did you offer in particular that eccentric artists found appealing? There was freedom, in a way.Ībove: Swans' 1992 album Love Of Life, recorded at BC Studio. I actually thought that this sort of world was a better place. I loved abandoned buildings and I loved decrepit industrial spaces, so I wanted to do all these things in the music. In some cases, I maybe imitated some of what I saw visually in the music. So it not just inspired, but it sort of motivated. So I embraced the sort of chaotic, noisy, messy, rude. I was trying to be sort of an art criminal, in a way. I wanted them to look out on the trains when they were on the Upper East Side, which is where I came from, with their comfortable bourgeois lives and be scared because there was this whole anarchy that was exploding and happening around them. So for me it was kind of art mixed in with what I call art terror. I deliberately embraced it as property destruction. I relished deeply what I felt was sort of the slow slide into the shitter of New York City. Wild dogs not featured.ĭo you think the chaos of the surrounding area (the filthy Gowanus canal, roaming packs of wild dogs, gang activity) contributed to the sounds and styles you were recording at BC studio? And 200 people coming in and out and working.Ībove: Martin Bisi in BC Studio. There were maybe three official tenants, compared to now where I think the same building complex has 80 official tenants. But there was no electrical bill, we just had electricity – which I never really knew where it came from. And there was a lot of stealing electricity. Like sculpture and paintings and stuff like that. Basically someone would take an unused room, really, and then someone would have art in there. In the building, interestingly enough, there were maybe two or three what I called art studio squats. Sometimes I’d see them with chains, visible chains holding in their hands – especially at night. They would wear motorcycle jackets and they all had these cavalry caps, like the Union army. There was this gang called The Crazy Homicides that are sort of well-known. Which is really terrifying, I was scared they’d rip my leg off. And one time they were, like, biting onto my pants, trying to pull me down and hold me down. They’d be right behind me barking and yelping. It was funny ’cause I would get scared, I would have to re-route around them sometimes, for a while. They wouldn’t just be sitting… they’d always have a destination, it seemed. It was interesting because they would always be very purposeful. What was the area like in the ’80s and ’90s? Set the scene for me. I read one quote from a few years ago where you said that packs of wild dogs and gangs used to roam around the Gowanus neighborhood. Var converter = new BoolToZeroOneConverter() This is functionally the same as creating an instance of the built-in BoolToZeroOneConverter and setting it explicitly: protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder) HasConversion() on a bool property will cause EF Core to convert bool values to numerical zero and one values: protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder) In many cases EF will choose the appropriate built-in converter based on the type of the property in the model and the type requested in the database, as shown above for enums. Built-in convertersĪs mentioned above, EF Core ships with a set of pre-defined ValueConverter classes, found in the namespace. This can be useful when multiple properties use the same conversion. V => (EquineBeast)Enum.Parse(typeof(EquineBeast), v)) For example: protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder) The ValueConverter can instead be created explicitly. The ValueConverter classĬalling HasConversion as shown above will create a ValueConverter instance and set it on the property. Then the enum values will be saved as strings in the database without any further configuration in OnModelCreating. For example, if the entity type is defined like so: The same thing can be achieved by explicitly specifying the database column type. Instead, EF Core will pick the conversion to use based on the property type in the model and the requested database provider type.įor example, enum to string conversions are used as an example above, but EF Core will actually do this automatically when the provider type is configured as string using the generic type of HasConversion: protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder) Then, override ConfigureConventions in your context type and configure the converter as follows: protected override void ConfigureConventions(ModelConfigurationBuilder configurationBuilder)ĮF Core contains many pre-defined conversions that avoid the need to write conversion functions manually. To do this, define your value converter as a class: public class Currenc圜onverter : ValueConverter Rather than doing this manually for each property, you can use pre-convention model configuration to do this once for your entire model. It's common for the same value converter to be configured for every property that uses the relevant CLR type. See GitHub issue #13850 for more information. This makes the implementation of conversions easier and allows them to be shared amongst nullable and non-nullable properties. A null in a database column is always a null in the entity instance, and vice-versa. The prioritized column will accept only three columns.A null value will never be passed to a value converter. Priority ENUM('Low', 'Medium', 'High') NOT NULL Id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT, Grade VARCHAR(250) NOT NULL, We use the priority statement to assign the priority to the Enum column. Suppose, we want to store the student data in the table Student_grade in order to store the grades of students in the corresponding columns (High, Medium, Low). It is a synonym for DEFAULT NULL, and its index value is always NULL.īy default, the ENUM data type is NULL, if the user doesn’t want to pass any value to it. If we don’t want NULL values, it is required to use the NOT NULL property in the ENUM column. ISRO CS Syllabus for Scientist/Engineer Exam.ISRO CS Original Papers and Official Keys.GATE CS Original Papers and Official Keys.DevOps Engineering - Planning to Production.Python Backend Development with Django(Live).Android App Development with Kotlin(Live).Full Stack Development with React & Node JS(Live).Java Programming - Beginner to Advanced.Data Structure & Algorithm-Self Paced(C++/JAVA).Data Structures & Algorithms in JavaScript.
Odontolite is fossil bone or ivory that has historically been thought to have been altered by turquoise or similar phosphate minerals such as the iron phosphate vivianite. Turquoise may also pseudomorphously replace feldspar, apatite, other minerals, or even fossils. Typically the form is a vein or fracture filling, nodular, or botryoidal in habit. Crystals, even at the microscopic scale, are rare. Turquoise is nearly always cryptocrystalline and massive and assumes no definite external shape. Turquoise may also be peppered with flecks of pyrite or interspersed with dark, spidery limonite veining. Despite its low hardness relative to other gems, turquoise takes a good polish. Its streak is white to greenish to blue, and its fracture is smooth to conchoidal. Ĭrushed turquoise is soluble in hot hydrochloric acid. The refractive index of turquoise varies from 1.61 to 1.65 on the three crystal axes, with birefringence 0.040, biaxial positive, as measured from rare single crystals. The blue is attributed to idiochromatic copper while the green may be the result of iron impurities (replacing copper.) : 29 Colour is as variable as the mineral's other properties, ranging from white to a powder blue to a sky blue and from a blue-green to a yellowish green. The lustre of turquoise is typically waxy to subvitreous, and its transparency is usually opaque, but may be semitranslucent in thin sections. With lower hardness comes greater porosity. X-ray diffraction testing shows its crystal system to be triclinic. Characteristically a cryptocrystalline mineral, turquoise almost never forms single crystals, and all of its properties are highly variable. The finest of turquoise reaches a maximum Mohs hardness of just under 6, or slightly more than window glass. Pliny the Elder referred to the mineral as callais (from Ancient Greek κάλαϊς) and the Aztecs knew it as chalchihuitl. According to the same source, the gemstone was first brought to Europe from Turkestan or another Turkish territory. However, according to Etymonline, the word dates to the 14th century with the form turkeis, meaning "Turkish", which was replaced with turqueise from French in the 1560s. The word turquoise dates to the 17th century and is derived from the Old French turquois meaning "Turkish" because the mineral was first brought to Europe through the Ottoman Empire. The robin egg blue or sky blue color of the Persian turquoise mined near the modern city of Nishapur, Iran, has been used as a guiding reference for evaluating turquoise quality. Like most other opaque gems, turquoise has been devalued by the introduction of treatments, imitations, and synthetics into the market. It is rare and valuable in finer grades and has been prized as a gemstone for millennia due to its unique hue. Turquoise is an opaque, blue-to-green mineral that is a hydrous phosphate of copper and aluminium, with the chemical formula Cu Al 6( PO 4) 4( OH) 8♴ H 2O. JSTOR ( June 2022) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message).Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. This article needs additional citations for verification. |
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